Time-temperature indicators (TTIs) are used to check the safety of the fresh foods with REDUCED OXYGEN PACKAGING (ROP). Already, the behavior of TTIs with zero-order kinetic was described based on Skinner-Larkin model. For TTI expiration before toxin formation, the Arrhenius curve of TTI (in the coordinates system of lnk versus 1/T) should be located above the zero-order Skinner-Larkin- Arrhenius curve (SLA0) for all possible temperatures. However, SLA0 may incorrectly describe TTIs behaviors since they often provide first-order kinetic (similar to most natural processes). Developing a new model to describe the behavior of all types of TTIs (with zero or first-order kinetic) for fresh seafoods with ROP is the main goal of this research. In this paper, the first-order Skinner-Larkin- Arrhenius (SLA1) model is proposed as a pencil of curves to extend SLA0 for the TTIs with firstorder kinetic. Furthermore, because of including the SLA0 curve, the SLA1 model can be equivalently used for both zero-order and first-order TTIs. Simulation results demonstrated that SLA0 could not correctly predict the behavior of first-order TTIs. By using the proposed model, we can successfully predict the behavior of both zero-order and first-order TTIs for fresh seafoods with ROP.

OXYGEN can reduce the quality and shelf life of some foods. The reason for the presence of OXYGEN in food PACKAGING is mainly due to OXYGEN residues in the food, OXYGEN residues in the closed space, raw materials and damage to the containers during the PACKAGING process. Basically, OXYGEN can cause food spoilage in various ways, including oxidative spoilage, which leads to a decrease in the quality of fats and fatty parts of food, oxidation of lipids, changes in the structure of proteins, vitamins and pigments, and providing suitable conditions for the growth of microorganisms and enzymatic browning. Researches show that various methods can be used to reduce the amount of this oxidative factor, including modified atmosphere PACKAGING (MAP), vacuum PACKAGING, and OXYGEN absorbers. In this review study, the mechanisms and applications of OXYGEN absorbers in the food industry and PACKAGING of various food products were discussed. Studies show that the use of OXYGEN absorbers will have beneficial effects in increasing the quality and shelf life of various food products and reducing the wastage of food resources. Considering the importance of this issue, we can take steps towards the production, mass production and presentation of new formulations in the OXYGEN absorber production industry.

Modified atmosphere PACKAGING (MAP) is a technique that alters the air composition inside PACKAGING to extend the shelf life of products, preserving their quality during storage. MAP has proven to be beneficial and significant for various products, both in laboratory and industrial settings. This article presents an overview of MAP PACKAGING types and their evolution, including active, passive, and porous MAP, as well as the use of diverse gas combinations. Active MAP changes the atmosphere content during PACKAGING while passive MAP alters the PACKAGING atmosphere's composition through breathing or gas exchange with the environment. Porous MAP is a hybrid approach that allows gas exchange between the product and the environment. Furthermore, this article discusses the impact of different gas mixtures on product quality and safety, emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate PACKAGING materials for each application, and offers valuable insights into MAP PACKAGING options, enabling informed decisions to optimize quality and ensure product longevity.

REDUCED graphene oxide film was synthesized on a glassy carbon electrode by electro reduction of graphene oxide powders in aqueous solution. Then platinum Nano particles were deposited on REDUCED graphene oxide film that was deposited on the glassy carbon electrode via electro reduction of platinum salt. The Physical morphology of the platinum on REDUCED graphene oxide film was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The results showed that, Platinum particles were deposited on REDUCED graphene oxide film. The performance of Pt on REDUCED graphene oxide for OXYGEN reduction reaction was considered with linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of catalyst in an acidic solution via three electrode configuration cell. The results showed the proper performance of this green synthesized catalyst for OXYGEN reduction reaction. So this method for catalyst fabrication is a good candidate for the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.